Quick Breakdown
- Ethereum developers successfully executed the BPO-2 fork on Wednesday, January 7, 2026, marking the final planned phase of the Fusaka upgrade cycle.
- The update increases the network’s data availability capacity by raising the target blob count to 14 and the maximum to 21 per block.
- Layer 2 transaction costs are projected to drop by up to 90% as rollups leverage the 133% increase in available data space.
Ethereum developers have successfully finalized the Fusaka upgrade cycle by implementing the second and final “Blob Parameters Only” (BPO) fork on Wednesday, January 7, 2026. This technical milestone serves as the final step in the network’s 2025-2026 scaling roadmap, specifically designed to lower operational costs for Layer 2 (L2) rollups.
By adjusting the core parameters governing temporary data storage known as “blobs,” the network has effectively increased its data throughput capacity to meet the rising demand of the Ethereum ecosystem.
The second Blob Parameters Only (BPO) fork happened today.
BPO #2 was the next scheduled step in the Fusaka upgrade cycle to scale Ethereum’s data capacity.
Here’s what you need to know about BPO #2, and why these parameter adjustments matter.
— Ethereum (@ethereum) January 7, 2026
The BPO-2 fork has significantly enhanced Ethereum’s data availability by raising the target number of blobs per block from 10 to 14, and the maximum to 21. This 133% increase in storage space for rollups like Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base is projected to cut L2 transaction fees for users by 50% to 90%.
Enhancing data throughput via BPO forks
Unlike standard hard forks, BPO forks use EIP-7892 (from the December 3, 2025, Fusaka launch) for incremental blob capacity increases, following the initial BPO-1 rollout on December 9, 2025. This scaling is enabled by Peer Data Availability Sampling (PeerDAS), which allows nodes to verify large data amounts without full downloads. By distributing storage across validators, PeerDAS supports higher transaction volumes while maintaining low hardware requirements for home stakers, validating the claim that Ethereum has solved the blockchain trilemma.
Sustaining Ethereum’s rollup-centric roadmap
The Fusaka upgrade, which slashes L2 costs, is validated by institutional demand. BlackRock’s ETF secured $100M in new inflows, confirming Ethereum’s status as the premier settlement layer. The Fusaka cycle, with its BPO-2 implementation, strengthens Ethereum as the premier settlement layer by maintaining competitive data posting costs against alternatives like Celestia. This upgrade enables the L2 ecosystem to theoretically handle over 100,000 TPS, positioning the network for mass adoption across DeFi, gaming, and RWA tokenization. The immediate goal of cheaper, faster L2 transactions is now met. The community is now focused on the mid-2026 “Glamsterdam” upgrade, which targets Maximum Extractable Value (MEV) via Enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation (ePBS).
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